Draft genome sequences of four Morganella morganii strains isolated from Colombian colorectal cancer patient stool specimens.

We report the draft genome sequences of four Morganella morganii strains isolated from the stools of four patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) in Medellín, Colombia. These genomes represent an important addition to the limited number of genomes of M. morganii strains originating from CRC patients currently available.

Identification and validation of novel Blastocystis subtype ST41 in a Colombian patient undergoing colorectal cancer screening.

Blastocystis sp. is among the most frequent intestinal protists identified in humans globally. However, characterization of Blastocystis subtype diversity in humans is ongoing. We report here the identification of novel Blastocystis subtype ST41 in a Colombian patient undergoing colorectal cancer screening involving colonoscopy and fecal testing (microscopy, culture, PCR). The full-length ssu rRNA gene sequence of the protist was generated using MinION long-read sequencing technology. The validity of the novel subtype was confirmed via phylogenetic and pairwise distance analyses of the full-length ST41 sequence and all other valid subtypes. The study provides reference material essential for conducting subsequent experimental studies.

Tumor inflamatorio miofibroblástico gastrointestinal. Reporte de caso / Gastrointestinal myofibroblastic inflammatory tumor. Case report

Introducción. El tumor miofibroblástico inflamatorio es una enfermedad proliferativa rara, de etiología incierta, caracterizada por la proliferación de miofibroblastos epitelioides o fusionados mezclados con células inflamatorias, predominantemente mononucleares. En general se considera una lesión benigna, aunque en algunos casos esta neoplasia ha mostrado un comportamiento agresivo en cuanto a recidiva local y metástasis. El tratamiento definitivo es la resección quirúrgica completa. Caso clínico. Paciente de 67 años con dos meses de evolución de fiebre y masa abdominal, en quien se realizó una tomografía computarizada de abdomen que identificó una lesión de aspecto infiltrativo tumoral, comprometiendo la grasa retroperitoneal en la transcavidad de los epiplones. Por vía percutánea se tomó una biopsia que informó un pseudotumor inflamatorio retroperitoneal. Fue llevado a cirugía radical abdominal, con patología quirúrgica final que describió un tumor miofibroblástico inflamatorio de compromiso multifocal, adherido a la serosa del estómago e intestino delgado, sin compromiso muscular. Discusión. El tumor inflamatorio miofibroblástico es una entidad rara, de etiología por esclarecer y difícil diagnóstico. Presentamos el caso clínico de un paciente con tumor inflamatorio miofibroblástico gastrointestinal.Conclusión. Se describe el caso clínico de un paciente con un tumor inflamatorio miofibroblástico gastrointestinal, de presentación rara en nuestro medio. Es importante la comparación con casos similares para poder hacer conclusiones útiles en la práctica clínica

Introduction. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare proliferative disease of uncertain etiology, characterized by the proliferation of epithelioid or fused myofibroblasts mixed with predominantly mononuclear inflammatory cells. In general, it is considered a benign lesion, although in some cases this neoplasm has shown aggressive behavior in terms of local recurrence and metastasis. The definitive treatment is complete surgical resection. Clinical case. A 67-year-old patient with a two-month history of fever and an abdominal mass underwent a computed tomography scan of the abdomen that identified an infiltrative tumor, compromising the retroperitoneum fat in the lesser cavity. A biopsy was taken percutaneously, which reported a retroperitoneal inflammatory pseudotumor. He was taken to radical abdominal surgery, with final surgical pathology describing an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor with multifocal involvement attached to the serosa of the stomach and small intestine without muscle involvement. Discussion. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare entity, of unknown etiology and difficult to diagnose. We present a clinical case of gastrointestinal myofibroblastic inflammatory tumor to better understand this entity.Conclusion. The clinical case of a patient with a gastrointestinal myofibroblastic inflammatory tumor, a rare presentation in our environment, is described. Comparison with similar cases is important to draw useful conclusions in clinical practice

Escisión meso-rectal total por vía trans anal (TaTME). Experiencia institucional / Trans anal total meso-rectal excision (TaTME). Institutional experience

Introducción. La cirugía es la base del tratamiento curativo del cáncer de recto. La escisión meso-rectal total ha permitido mejorar los desenlaces oncológicos, disminuyendo las tasas de recurrencia locorregional e impactando en la supervivencia global. El empleo de esta técnica en los tumores de recto medio o distal es un reto quirúrgico, en el que la vía trans anal, permite superar las dificultades técnicas. Método. Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo, recolectando la información de los pacientes con cáncer de recto medio y distal llevados a cirugía con esta técnica, en dos instituciones de cuarto nivel en Medellín, Colombia, entre enero de 2017 y marzo de 2022. Se analizaron sus características demográficas, la morbilidad perioperatoria y la pieza quirúrgica. Resultados. Se incluyeron 28 pacientes sometidos al procedimiento trans anal y laparoscópico de forma simultánea; al 57 % se les realizó una ileostomía de protección. Hubo complicaciones en el 60,7 % de los pacientes; ocurrieron cuatro casos de fuga anastomótica. No se presentó ninguna mortalidad perioperatoria. Conclusiones. La tasa de morbilidad perioperatoria es acorde con lo reportado en la literatura. Se resalta la importancia de la curva de aprendizaje quirúrgica y de incluir la calificación de la integridad meso-rectal dentro del informe patológico. Se requiere seguimiento a largo plazo para determinar el impacto en desenlaces oncológicos, calidad de vida y morbilidad

Introduction. Surgery is the pillar of curative treatment for rectal cancer. Total meso-rectal excision has improved oncological outcomes, decreasing locoregional recurrence rates and impacting overall survival. The use of this technique in tumors of the middle or distal rectum is a surgical challenge, in which the trans anal route allows overcoming technical difficulties. Method. A retrospective observational study was carried out, collecting information from patients with middle and distal rectal cancer undergoing surgery with this technique, in two level 4 institutions in Medellín, Colombia, between January 2017 and March 2022. Results. Twenty-eight patients were included; their demographic characteristics, perioperative morbidity, and surgical specimen were analyzed. All patients underwent the trans anal and laparoscopic procedures simultaneously; 57% underwent a protective ileostomy. There was no perioperative mortality. Complications occurred in 60.7% of the patients. Only four cases of anastomotic leak occurred. Conclusions. The perioperative morbidity rate is consistent with that reported in the literature; the importance of the surgical curve and to include the qualification of the meso-rectal integrity within the pathological report is highlighted. Long-term follow-up is required to determine the impact on oncological outcomes, quality of life, and morbidity

Application of the diagnostic criteria for Common Variable Immunodeficiency in resource-limited settings.

INTRODUCTION: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most prevalent symptomatic humoral deficiency; however, its heterogeneous presentation makes the diagnosis difficult. The present study is aimed to verify the CVID diagnostic criteria as established by the European Society for Immunodeficiencies in 42 CVID patients from our outpatient clinic. METHODS: Information was collected from their medical records and when needed, lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood (PB) were performed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: All the patients fulfilled the clinical working definition for CVID and showed decreased serum IgG and IgA at diagnosis. Over two-thirds of the patients had decreased memory B cell percentages. However, the remaining patients exhibited other quantitative B cell defects in PB. Evaluation of vaccination responses was only found in 13 records and 69% were not responsive. None of the patients were subjected to vaccination studies to both, T-cell dependent and independent antigens. The two required tests to evaluate T cell responses were performed in 84.2% of the patients and reported normal. Without the support of third-party payers, only 34.2% of our patients would have completed the required evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: Further efforts are needed to speed up CVID diagnosis in low-resourced settings, increasing the availability of the required resources and optimizing the healthcare supply chain.

Aspectos prácticos en la patología venosa del pene / Practical Aspects in Venous Pathology of the Penis

El objetivo del presente artículo es mostrar una serie de alteraciones peneanas que, aunque frecuentes en la consulta de medicina sexual, son minimizadas, la mayoría de las veces por desconocimiento de los terapeutas, aunque para los pacientes que las padecen sean genuinas tragedias personales. Hemos revisado la literatura disponible sobre un grupo de seis patologías venosas especificas del pene que configuran el grupo más representativo. Se incluyen las frecuentes e indolentes venas superficiales tortuosas, los cirsoceles o flebectasias, las fugas venosas dorsales, que suelen ser una patología congénita, las deformantes malformaciones venosas del glande, la desconcertante y enigmática enfermedad de Mondor, y las fístulas arteriovenosas, con su riesgo de priapismo de alto flujo implícito. Todas se consideran alteraciones patológicas que requieren intervenciones menores en su tratamiento, excepto ciertos casos de fugas venosas y de fístulas, cuyo manejo es invasivo, y que, en conjunto, buscan una mejor comprensión de los hallazgos cotidianos en este órgano.

The objective of the present article is to describe a series of penile alterations that, although frequent in the sexual medicine consultation, are minimized, most of the time due to ignorance of the therapists, but, for the patients who suffer them, they are real personal tragedies. We have reviewed the literature available on a group of six specific venous pathologies of the penis that make up the most representative group. They include the frequent and indolent tortuous superficial veins, the cirsoceles or phlebectasias, the dorsal venous leaks, which are usually a congenital pathology, the deforming venous malformations of the glans, the enigmatic Mondor disease, and the arteriovenous fistulas, with their implicit risk of high-flow priapism. All are considered pathological alterations that require minor interventions in their treatment, except for certain cases of venous leaks and fistulas, whose management is invasive, and which together seek a better understanding of the common findings in this organ.

Breast Implant-associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma in Colombia: Report of a Multidisciplinary National Registry.

An estimated 43,390 breast augmentation surgeries (86,780 implants) and 1486 breast implant reconstructions are performed annually in Colombia, representing the second-most breast surgery destination in South America, the fourth in the western hemisphere, and the fifth country worldwide. No previous reports have evaluated the incidence of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) epidemiology or outcomes in a Hispanic population. Published data on the incidence of this disease in Colombia are unknown; therefore, a National Joint Multidisciplinary Committee was developed between the Colombian scientific societies of Mastology, Plastic Surgery, Hemato-Oncology, and the Invima (The National Food and Drug Surveillance Institute) to track national cases of BIA-ALCL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review (survey-based study) of historical cases since 2011-2019, and a prospective collection of all patients with a confirmed World Health Organization diagnosis of BIA-ALCL identified in a newly established National Registry of BIA-ALCL. The trial was approved by Institutional Review Board (IRB). RESULTS: Eighteen cases of BIA-ALCL were identified in Colombia between 2011 and 2019. Hundred percent developed as sequelae of textured implants. Six patients (33.3%) presented either a peri-implant capsule mass or axillary lymph node involvement. Seven (38.9%) required adjuvant chemotherapy most commonly with CHOP regimen. Different brands of implants were associated with our cases. One death (5.6%) was attributed to BIA-ALCL, and one (5.6%) case displayed with relapsed with bone marrow involvement requiring a bone marrow transplantation. Six cases (33.3%) were identified with advanced stage (IIB-IV). Disease-free survival of 92.3% was achieved at 30.8-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Colombia has one of the highest volumes of breast surgery and use of textured surface breast implants in the world. This study is the initial report of an implant registry in South America. A high proportion of advanced disease may be a consequence of delayed presentation, lack of disease awareness, and timely access to tertiary cancer centers for diagnosis and treatment. Brands other than Allergan and Mentor were found to be associated with BIA-ALCL in our study.

CD137 deficiency causes immune dysregulation with predisposition to lymphomagenesis.

Dysregulated immune responses are essential underlying causes of a plethora of pathologies including cancer, autoimmunity, and immunodeficiency. We here investigated 4 patients from unrelated families presenting with immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and malignancy. We identified 4 distinct homozygous mutations in TNFRSF9 encoding the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member CD137/4-1BB, leading to reduced, or loss of, protein expression. Lymphocytic responses crucial for immune surveillance, including activation, proliferation, and differentiation, were impaired. Genetic reconstitution of CD137 reversed these defects. CD137 deficiency is a novel inborn error of human immunity characterized by lymphocytic defects with early-onset Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoma. Our findings elucidate a functional role and relevance of CD137 in human immune homeostasis and antitumor responses.

Structure-guided design fine-tunes pharmacokinetics, tolerability, and antitumor profile of multispecific frizzled antibodies.

Aberrant activation of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling occurs frequently in cancer. However, therapeutic targeting of this pathway is complicated by the role of Wnt in stem cell maintenance and tissue homeostasis. Here, we evaluated antibodies blocking 6 of the 10 human Wnt/Frizzled (FZD) receptors as potential therapeutics. Crystal structures revealed a common binding site for these monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on FZD, blocking the interaction with the Wnt palmitoleic acid moiety. However, these mAbs displayed gastrointestinal toxicity or poor plasma exposure in vivo. Structure-guided engineering was used to refine the binding of each mAb for FZD receptors, resulting in antibody variants with improved in vivo tolerability and developability. Importantly, the lead variant mAb significantly inhibited tumor growth in the HPAF-II pancreatic tumor xenograft model. Taken together, our data demonstrate that anti-FZD cancer therapeutic antibodies with broad specificity can be fine-tuned to navigate in vivo exposure and tolerability while driving therapeutic efficacy.

A rapid in vitro methodology for simultaneous target discovery and antibody generation against functional cell subpopulations.

Cell surface antigen discovery is of great interest for biomedical research both for isolation of rare cell populations and therapeutic targeting. We developed a rapid, cost-effective, fully in vitro technology which facilities the simultaneous target discovery and human antibody generation on the surface of virtually any cell population of interest. We apply our technique to human colorectal cancer-initiating cells (CICs) and identify hundreds of unique human antibodies. We characterized the top three antibody candidates targeting these CICs and identify their protein targets as integrin α7 (ITGA7), HLA-A1 and integrin ß6 (ITGB6). We demonstrate that these antibodies can be used to isolate self-renewing colorectal CICs, and that the integrin α7 antibody can prospectively identify glioblastoma brain tumor initiating cells as well as human muscle stem cells. We also demonstrate that genetic ablation of integrin ß6 impedes colorectal CIC function. The methodology can be readily applied to other cell populations including stem cells, cancer, or immune cells to facilitate the rapid identification of novel targets and simultaneous generation of potent and specific antibodies with therapeutic potential.

Beneficial Endophytic Bacteria-Serendipita indica Interaction for Crop Enhancement and Resistance to Phytopathogens.

Serendipita (=Piriformospora) indica is a fungal endophytic symbiont with the capabilities to enhance plant growth and confer resistance to different stresses. However, the application of this fungus in the field has led to inconsistent results, perhaps due to antagonism with other microbes. Here, we studied the impact of individual bacterial isolates from the endophytic bacterial community on the in vitro growth of S. indica. We further analyzed how combinations of bacteria and S. indica influence plant growth and protection against the phytopathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. Bacterial strains of the genera Bacillus, Enterobacter and Burkholderia negatively affected S. indica growth on plates, whereas Mycolicibacterium, Rhizobium, Paenibacillus strains and several other bacteria from different taxa stimulated fungal growth. To further explore the potential of bacteria positively interacting with S. indica, four of the most promising strains belonging to the genus Mycolicibacterium were selected for further experiments. Some dual inoculations of S. indica and Mycolicibacterium strains boosted the beneficial effects triggered by S. indica, further enhancing the growth of tomato plants, and alleviating the symptoms caused by the phytopathogens F. oxysporum and R. solani. However, some combinations of S. indica and bacteria were less effective than individual inoculations. By analyzing the genomes of the Mycolicibacterium strains, we revealed that these bacteria encode several genes predicted to be involved in the stimulation of S. indica growth, plant development and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Particularly, a high number of genes related to vitamin and nitrogen metabolism were detected. Taking into consideration multiple interactions on and inside plants, we showed in this study that some bacterial strains may induce beneficial effects on S. indica and could have an outstanding influence on the plant-fungus symbiosis.

Reconstrucción de las subunidades estéticas nasales posterior al manejo quirúrgico del cáncer de piel / Reconstruction of aesthetic nasal sub-units in the post-surgical management of skin cancer

Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas, histopatológicas y sociodemográficas de los pacientes que fueron sometidos a la reconstrucción de diferentes subunidades estéticas nasales posterior al manejo quirúrgico del cáncer de piel en un centro de referencia latinoamericano. Métodos: Serie de casos de 82 pacientes que fueron reconstruidos con algún método quirúrgico. Resultados: La población estaba conformada principalmente por mujeres (63,4%). El melanoma se presentó únicamente en hombres y el carcinoma escamocelular en mujeres. El carcinoma basocelular se presentó en el 59,3% de las mujeres. El subtipo más encontrado en el espécimen de resección, fue el carcinoma basocelular nodular con componente micronodular (18,6%). El principal tipo de resección tumoral fue la cirugía convencional y para la reconstrucción de las unidades nasales la principal forma utilizada fue el injerto de piel. Conclusiones: Dada la complejidad que existe en la reconstrucción de la nariz como parte del manejo integral del cáncer de piel, es de importancia mostrar la experiencia que un grupo de cirugía plástica oncológica ha desarrollado en el manejo de estos pacientes.

Objectives: To describe the clinical, histopathological and demographic characteristics of patients who underwent reconstruction of aesthetic nasal sub-units in the post-surgical management of skin cancer in a Latin American reference center. Methods: Case series of 82 patients who were reconstructed using a surgical method. Results: The population consisted mainly of women (63.4%). Melanoma was present only in males, and squamous cell carcinoma only in women. Basal cell carcinoma was present in 59.3% of women. The most common subtype found in the resection specimen was nodular basal cell carcinoma with a micronodular component (18.6%). Conventional surgery was the main type of tumor resection technique. The main method used for the reconstruction of the nasal units was skin grafting. Conclusions: Given the complexity in the nose reconstruction as part of the integrated treatment of skin cancer, it is important to show the experience that an oncology plastic surgery group has developed in the management of these patients.

Impacto de las complicaciones post-reconstrucción mamaria en el tratamiento sistémico del cáncer de mama / Influence of breast reconstructive complications surgery on the systemic treatment

Objetivo: Establecer el tipo de complicaciones postquirúrgicas que presentaron las pacientes con cáncer de mama y otros tumores llevadas a mastectomía y reconstrucción mamaria inmediata o tardía durante una década en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC), así como su asociación con el retraso en el inicio de la terapia adyuvante y la relación entre quimioterapia neoadyuvante y la presencia de complicaciones. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión de las historias clínicas de las pacientes diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama, sarcoma mamario o tumor phillodes que fueron sometidas a mastectomía y reconstrucción mamaria inmediata o tardía durante el periodo 1998-2008. Resultados: Se identificaron 342 pacientes; el 76% de estas con carcinoma de mama localmente avanzado; el 60,53% de las pacientes presentó algún tipo de complicación temprana local; el 67,5% de las pacientes recibió quimioterapia neoadyuvante y el 60% presentaron complicación temprana local (sin significancia estadística). La tasa de tratamientos adyuvantes iniciados en relación a la presencia o no de complicaciones locales fue de 26,12 adyuvancias iniciadas por 100 pacientes/mes (IC95%: 22,2 a 30,7) en las que presentaron complicaciones tempranas locales vs. 55,06 adyuvancias iniciadas por 100 pacientes/mes (IC95%: 45,08 a 67,23) en las pacientes sin complicaciones locales (log-rank test, p =0,0079). Conclusiones: El uso de quimioterapia neoadyuvante aumenta el riesgo de complicaciones postoperatorias en pacientes con cáncer de mama sometidas a mastectomía y reconstrucción mamaria inmediata. Al igual que la presencia de complicaciones tempranas locales retarda el inicio de la quimioterapia adyuvante.

Objective: To establish the type of post surgical complications in patients with cancer and other tumors, taken to immediate or delayed mastectomy and breast cancer reconstruction over a decade in the National Cancer Institute (NCI); also, it's association with the late start of adjuvant therapy and the relationship between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the presence of complications. Materials and methods: A review of the medical records of patients diagnosed with breast cancer, sarcoma, or phillodes breast tumor that were performed immediate or delayed mastectomy and breast reconstruction over the years 1998 to 2008. Results: 342 patients were identified. 76% of those with locally advanced breast carcinoma. 60.53% of patients had some form of early local complication. Immediate reconstruction showed a greater percentage of complication (63% vs 49%); 67.5% of the patients from this series received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and of those, 135 (60%) presented an early local complication. The rate of adjuvant treatments started in relation to the presence or absence of local complications was 26.12 adjuvants started by 100 patients/month (IC95%: 22.2 to 30.7) in patients with early local complications vs 55.06 adjuvants started by 100 patients/month (IC95%: 45.08 to 67.23) in patients with no local complications (log-rank test, p = 0.0079). Conclusions: The neoadjuvant chemotherapy increases de risk of postoperative complications in patients with breast cancer undergoing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction. As the presence of early local complications delay the onset of adjuvant chemotherapy.

Hiperplasia angiolinfoide en espécimen de expansión tisular: Reporte de caso / Angiolymphoid hyperplasia in a tissue expansion specimen: A case report

La expansión tisular es una técnica que aprovecha las propiedades viscoelásticas de la piel para distenderla mediante infiltraciones seriadas a través de una válvula de un dispositivo de silicona. dicho tejido se utiliza posteriormente para reconstrucción y para cubrir defectos. La hiperplasia angiolinfoide con eosinofilia es una enfermedad vasoproliferativa que se manifiesta clínicamente por tumores nodulares. se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente con expansión tisular, y en quien se encuentra de forma incidental, en la histopatología de la cápsula, hiperplasia angiolinfoide con eosinofilia. para el conocimiento del grupo a cargo del presente trabajo, este es el primer caso en el cual ambas entidades se relacionan. © 2012 Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. publicado por elsevier españa, s.L. todos los derechos reservados.

Tissue expansion is a technique that takes advantage of the viscoelastic properties of the skin by distending it using a series of injections through a valve of a silicone device. this tissue is subsequently used for repair and to cover defects. angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia is a vasoproliferative disease that manifests clinically as nodular tumors. the clinical case is presented of a patient with tissue expansion in whom angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia was an incidental finding in the histopathology of the capsule. To the knowledge of the group presenting this work, this is the first in which both conditions are linked.

Cobertura de defecto lateral del brazo con colgajo de perforantes de la arteria toracodorsal: reporte de caso / Coverage of a lateral arm defect with a thoracodorsal artery perforator flap: a case report

La cirugía plástica en el ámbito de la reconstrucción ha evolucionado de manera significativa, y cada vez se enfoca más en obtener el mejor resultado funcional con una menor morbilidad del área donante. Los estudios anatómicos que se han desarrollado a lo largo de la historia han permitido la descripción y la utilización de los colgajos de perforantes, que son, en el momento, una estrategia fundamental en las opciones de los cirujanos reconstructivos. Con el presente reporte se describe un caso clínico en el que se reconstruyó, con éxito, un defecto lateral en el brazo tras la resección de una lesión neoplásica por medio de un colgajo de perforantes de la arteria toracodorsal.

Reconstructive plastic surgery continues to achieve a number of outstanding results aimed at greater functionality with reduced donor area morbidity. The literature of anatomical studies provides multiple descriptions on the uses of perforator flaps, which are currently one of the fundamental options available to reconstructive surgeons. In this report, we describe the case in which a lateral arm defect was successfully reconstructed following resection of a neoplastic lesion by using a thoracodorsal artery perforator flap.

Experiencia en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl sobre el manejo quirúrgico de los pacientes con ano imperforado / Experience in the management of patients with imperforated anus at San Vicente de Paul Hospital

Con el propósito de definir las complicaciones tempranas de la corrección quirúrgica del ano imperforado alto y bajo en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, se estudiaron 128 casos intervenidos quirúrgicamente entre el 1º de enero de 1995 y el 30 de septiembre de 2002. El tipo de ano imperforado más frecuente fue el alto y el más frecuente en varones: 2,76:1. El diagnóstico se hizo mediante el invertograma en 54 casos. Se detectaron fístulas de diversa localización en 98 niños y hubo 101 malformaciones relacionadas en 72 casos; las fístulas se diagnosticaron usualmente asociadas al ano imperforado alto; las malformaciones asociadas fueron renales, osteomusculares, cardíacas y genitales. En 52 casos se presentaron complicaciones, más comunes en los pacientes con ano imperforado; las más frecuentes fueron las de la colostomía, como también la estenosis, la recurrencia de la fístula y las infecciones. La mortalidad fue de 3,1 por ciento, mayor entre los casos de ano imperforado alto y su frecuencia fue menor que la relatada en la literatura. Se concluye que el invertograma se utiliza poco como método diagnóstico y que probablemente las complicaciones se presentan entre los casos de ano imperforado alto debido, a que éstos suelen tener mayor número de problemas asociados, ya que las técnicas quirúrgicas para su corrección son más complejas...